经济政策不确定性与企业投资趋同行为

文章以2003-2017年A股非金融类上市公司为研究样本,考察经济政策不确定性对企业投资趋同行为的影响。研究发现,经济政策不确定性的升高会显著增强企业投资趋同行为,该影响效应在信息优势企业有所减弱,在资产不可逆程度较高企业有所增强。分行业检验发现,在管制性行业以及景气度较低行业中,经济政策不确定性对企业投资趋同行为的影响减弱。进一步研究发现,在经济政策不确定性不断攀升的背景下,实体投资趋同性会带来更为严重的金融化,特别是在行业实体投资总体趋于放缓的情况下,企业金融化现象更加严重。该研究为宏观经济波动下企业投资趋同行为提供了经验证据。     

深山“皮夹沟” 崛起一座城

立春,傍晚。群峰叠嶂之中,万州龙驹镇的大街上仍显热闹,店铺闪烁的霓虹灯,商家揽客的热情,居民区升腾起的炊烟,构成了一幅特别的边城夜景图。龙驹镇是脱贫攻坚战中,重庆确立的18个深度贫困乡镇之一。一个长期以穷出名的偏远小镇,如今繁华初显,场镇人口达2.6万余人。它的蝶变,令人称奇。新年伊始,我们走进龙驹镇,从它浓浓的烟火味中,感受它的改变。     

城市创新行为改善生态效率了吗？——基于空间关联与溢出视角的考察

文章在理论层面探讨了创新对生态效率的影响机制，并基于城市空间关联与溢出视角，采用我国2007-2016年260个城市面板数据，运用空间计量模型检验了创新对生态效率的影响效应及多维度的城市异质性。进一步地，文章还通过对不同距离阈值上的创新空间溢出效应进行估计，测算了创新空间溢出的距离边界，检验了创新空间溢出驱动城市绿色发展的最佳地理距离区间，从而为增强区域创新合作以提升区域整体绿色发展水平提供了可供参考的量化依据。研究发现：总体而言，创新具有的增长效应、资源与环境效应、结构优化效应是促进城市生态效率改善的重要途径，且产出端创新对生态效率的驱动效应强于投入端创新；但创新对生态效率的影响具有显著的城市异质性，依赖于城市区位、所在城市群、环境政策、资源禀赋、创新能力和市场化水平；城市创新行为具有显著的空间溢出效应，但空间溢出随距离变化呈衰退趋势，350公里以内为创新活动的密集溢出区；生态效率也具有明显的空间溢出效应，经济越发达且联系越紧密、要素流动越自由、创新对生态效率驱动效应越强的地区，生态效率的空间溢出也越强。因此政府应完善创新激励政策、为创新外溢创造良好条件、注重引导创新的方向，并根据区域及城市发展实际，采取差异化的创新驱动绿色发展策略。     

加强施工项目机械设备现场管理的分析

随着社会经济发展水平的提高,工程施工企业逐渐发展起来,在施工项目中加强机械设备的现场管理是非常重要的,机械设备在施工项目中占有重要地位,加强机械设备现场管理可以有效的降低工程的施工成本.为了更好的加强机械设备的现场管理,还需要进一步细化管理流程,加强施工现场的设备监管,提升机械设备的使用效率,降低企业成本投入.     

Short-termism,shareholder payouts and investment in the EU

Investor-driven 'short-termism' is said to harm EU public firms' ability to invest for the long term, prompting calls for the EU to better insulate managers from shareholder pressure. But the evidence offered—rising levels of repurchases and dividends—is incomplete and misleading: it ignores large offsetting equity issuances that move capital from investors to EU firms. We show that, over the last 30 years and the last decade, net shareholder payouts have been moderate and investment and cash balances have increased. In sum, the data provide little basis for the view that short-termism in the EU warrants corporate governance reforms.     

毛竹水溶性多糖提取工艺的优化及结构表征

采用响应面法优化毛竹水溶性多糖的提取工艺,分析其成分,并进行结构表征。研究结果表明,优化的毛竹多糖(BSP)提取条件为:料液比1∶27(g/mL)、提取温度78 ℃、提取时间4 h,该条件下BSP提取率为(5.18±0.07)%,提取物中多糖含量为(72.14±0.02)%,糖醛酸含量为(9.76±0.03)%;BSP具有酸性多糖典型的官能团特征吸收峰,其单糖组成及摩尔比为n_甘露糖∶n_葡萄糖∶n_阿拉伯糖∶n_木糖∶n_鼠李糖∶n_半乳糖=62.52∶23.05∶10.35∶2.78∶0.79∶0.51;BSP由两个主峰组成,相对分子质量分别为91.11、4.55 kDa。BSP是一种混合酸性多糖。     

Do environmental regulations hamper small enterprises' market entry? Evidence from China

Due to the serious increase of environmental pollution in China, environmental regulations have become significantly stringent. Such regulations are playing an increasingly important role in the development of small enterprises (SEs) in China, especially in SEs' market entry. However, existing studies pay little attention to this issue. This paper investigates for the first time the effect of environmental regulations on SEs' market entry and the mechanism of environmental regulation effects in China. We consider two sets of panel data for the periods 2003–2010 and 2012–2015 in China. We also use the fixed effect model and the instrumental variable method to explore the role of environmental regulations in SEs' market entry. The results show that, overall, environmental regulations play a significantly positive and robust role in SEs' market entry. However, the mechanisms associated with the effect of environmental regulations on different innovative types of SEs differ. Environmental regulations promote the market entry of SEs with product innovation, but this impact is not significant for SEs with research and development (R&D) activities and R&D institutions. Our findings indicate that China's SEs prefer product innovation, which is a lower level innovative type, over R&D innovation, as a means to avoid the negative impact of stringent environmental regulations.     

The effects of credit default swaps on corporate investment

ABSTRACT

This paper examines how credit default swaps (CDS) affect the corporate investment of the referenced entities. We document a significant reduction in corporate investment after CDS trading, a result that is robust to alternative model specifications and a set of endogeneity tests. Our findings of the increased firm risk and cost of capital support the costly external capital channel. The cross-sectional variations in CDS effects demonstrate that both reduced monitoring and the empty creditor problem might be the underlying forces driving the costly external capital channel. Our additional analysis implies that CDS trading is associated with an enhancement in investment efficiency for firms that are prone to overinvestment.     

行为经济学视角下的社会保障理论演进

社会保障系统通过社会与个体的风险共担，增进了个人、家庭和社会的福利水平，对就业、消费、投资均有显著影响。过去社会保障理论侧重信息约束和跨期决策下的机制设计，通过政府干预来实现有效的风险和成本共担，进而有效化解社会成员所面临的各种风险。但这些干预机制有可能会对就业等产生负面影响。近年来，行为与实验经济学开始进入社会保障理论的研究，新的理论试图从理性约束视角来理解社会保障系统的性质及其影响，并提出了全新的助推机制的设计理念与思路。迄今的研究发现，干预机制和助推机制各有千秋，通过合理的互补与替代，能够更好地实现社会保障系统的有效运行。